{"id":12609,"date":"2023-04-03T16:13:45","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T10:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/?page_id=12609"},"modified":"2023-05-12T19:52:11","modified_gmt":"2023-05-12T14:22:11","slug":"executive-function","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/executive-function\/","title":{"rendered":"Executive Function"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12609\" class=\"elementor elementor-12609\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e169ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e169ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2b0544\" data-id=\"e2b0544\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0fa3c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e0fa3c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.12.1 - 02-04-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Executive Function<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-631b8c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"631b8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Writer \u2013 Timothy Folkema<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2c7a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2c7a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.12.1 - 02-04-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"710\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ex-1-1.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-12649\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ex-1-1.png 710w, https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ex-1-1-300x203.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2418a5b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2418a5b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43a0060\" data-id=\"43a0060\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad43df2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad43df2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introducing Communication<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d5c83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5d5c83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.12.1 - 02-04-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<div><div>Challenges with executive functioning are common with autistic people. Executive function refers to our higher-level thinking skills \u2013 our ability to plan actions and understand consequences (Miller &amp; Wallis, 2009). This can be summarised as situations where simple tasks can seem overwhelming. Ordinarily, autistic people can function well but various external factors, such as sensory overload, like \u201cthe lights are too bright, the lecture theatre is too echoey, the fan is too noisy\u201d and other internal factors such as not understanding a subject or not knowing a process, mental health, and well-being such as anxiety and depression can all lead to difficulty with time-management and general executive functioning.<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd5465e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd5465e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f52e98c\" data-id=\"f52e98c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46edb40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"46edb40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Survey Findings<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f854009 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f854009\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Learners in our survey found that many aspects of tertiary study were difficult because of executive\u00a0functioning\u00a0challenges.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d186bbf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d186bbf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d7cc4b\" data-id=\"5d7cc4b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32ad397 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"32ad397\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Understanding instructions in assignments, exams, and assessments<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5454ce7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5454ce7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic people can struggle with unfamiliar situations, such as assignments and exams. It may help the\u00a0student to familiarise themselves with the processes prior, such as using example or practice exams,\u00a0written guides on the processes or talking through the process with an elder student or tutor. It may also\u00a0help to have a support person during exams to help with reading and understanding questions that may\u00a0not\u00a0seem overly\u00a0clear\u00a0to the autistic\u00a0student.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea256cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea256cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-08e7e31\" data-id=\"08e7e31\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f65959 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f65959\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Learning accommodations and understanding subjects<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8121b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8121b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autism is a neurological difference. Many things are not written in a way that autistic people will\u00a0understand easily, and help may be required in clarifying certain study topics, assignment outlines, exam\u00a0questions, etc. Recruiting autistic learners who have completed the study successfully as paid peer\u00a0mentors may help bridge this gap in understanding and further assist with discovering and implementing\u00a0non-traditional forms\u00a0of supports that may\u00a0prove\u00a0useful\u00a0to\u00a0the autistic learner.<\/p><p>One parent wrote: <em>\u201cIn terms of assignments, it was more around helping him to get started if he got stuck<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>(as we had no<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>idea of the subject),<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>or<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>helping him to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>communicate with his<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>tutor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70a2fbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70a2fbe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e343475\" data-id=\"e343475\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d92ba1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9d92ba1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Assistive technology<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2afd5ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2afd5ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic people come in all shapes, sizes and colours. Autistic people can be hyper-verbal, partially\u00a0speaking, non-speaking, selectively mute, or a combination of the aforementioned. Some autistic people\u00a0use assist technology such as Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices to help with\u00a0speaking or screen-readers to help with reading. It is always best to communicate with the autistic student\u00a0about how best to integrate their technology into the institutions\/schools. You may have to talk with the\u00a0student\u2019s technology\u00a0provider, with permission, on this.<\/p><p>Sometimes assistive technology can support the person in using calming and focusing strategies to\u00a0regulate\u00a0executive functioning.<\/p><p>One student commented on being \u201c<em>Able to use sensory toys in class<\/em>\u201d as a way to assist and support them\u00a0to being able to learn in the environment. It is especially important to know how much sensory tools can be\u00a0assistive for autistic people. Use of sensory tools as-stim tools or devices \u2013 in classrooms and lectures can\u00a0be\u00a0particularly\u00a0useful\u00a0to\u00a0help\u00a0the student\u00a0to regulate their\u00a0energy\u00a0and focus on the content.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a514af5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a514af5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-563cb3a\" data-id=\"563cb3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ecd85d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ecd85d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Note-taking<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abf3d9c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abf3d9c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Many autistic people have co-occurring conditions, sometimes undiagnosed, such as dyslexia \u2013 a reading\u00a0disorder or dysgraphia \u2013 a difficulty with handwriting and written expression. This may result in supports\u00a0being required when taking notes or reading written content in exams\/assignments. Some autistic people\u00a0may be resistant &#8211; or embarrassed &#8211; about accessing supports. Having a general note-taker for a lecture,\u00a0for example, alongside post-lecture access to these notes for all learners, may be useful for the autistic\u00a0student to passively utilise this support system. As much as possible, ensuring lectures are similar in\u00a0format\u00a0can help make things\u00a0easier\u00a0to navigate and easier\u00a0to notate uniformly.<\/p><p>One student wrote: <em>\u201cThe learning style of each course varied a lot which made note-taking a bit harder for<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>some<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>courses<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>so a more uniform<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>presentation would have helped my learning.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>If the student identifies themselves to be a strong auditory learner, audio recording or dictation devices\u00a0may be useful\u00a0when\u00a0placed\u00a0near\u00a0to\u00a0the speaker, which\u00a0ensures\u00a0the recording\u00a0is\u00a0clear.<\/p><p>Sometimes assistive technology can support the person in using calming and focusing strategies to\u00a0regulate\u00a0executive functioning.<\/p><p>One student commented on being \u201c<em>Able to use sensory toys in class<\/em>\u201d as a way to assist and support them\u00a0to being able to learn in the environment. It is especially important to know how much sensory tools can be\u00a0assistive for autistic people. Use of sensory tools as-stim tools or devices \u2013 in classrooms and lectures can\u00a0be\u00a0particularly\u00a0useful\u00a0to\u00a0help\u00a0the student\u00a0to regulate their\u00a0energy\u00a0and focus on the content.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24a1b48 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24a1b48\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c682325\" data-id=\"c682325\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c5d231 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6c5d231\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Time management (organising and meeting deadlines)<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b7d37c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b7d37c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic people may experience dyscalculia, which is difficulty with mathematical reasoning and\u00a0computation. This can also extend to time-management skills: many autistic people have difficulty\u00a0understanding how long a certain task may take. Having examples of how long it may take on average to\u00a0answer exam questions, or complete an essay, etc., can help. Unhelpful external sensory input can also\u00a0play a challenging role with time management.<\/p><p>One student commented: <em>\u201cSometimes a person clicking a pen continuously or a calculator making a noise<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>or too bright lighting can really have an impact on our exam outcomes. People don\u2019t understand it is more<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>than \u2018annoying\u2019 it is overwhelming.\u201d <\/em>This instance is reflective of the types of issues than can compound\u00a0abilities to complete a task\u00a0such as\u00a0an exam on time.<\/p><p>With assignment due dates and exams, it may also be difficult for the student to find motivation or energy\u00a0to\u00a0complete the task\u00a0on time.<\/p><p>Building relationships with neurodivergent learners is crucial to ensuring understanding important things\u00a0like\u00a0deadlines.\u00a0A\u00a0parent\u00a0wrote:\u00a0<em>\u201cLack<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>of<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>connection<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>led<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>him<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>not<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>finding<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>out<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>the<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>date<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>of<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>a<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>crucial<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>test<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>get<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>into<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>medical school, so he was unable to apply and had to change his course.\u201d <\/em>Regularly scheduled progress\u00a0check-ups, and discussions about what motivates the student, may help in meeting deadlines. Autistic\u00a0learners\u00a0who\u00a0have\u00a0previously\u00a0and\u00a0successfully\u00a0passed\u00a0the\u00a0course\u00a0or\u00a0paper may\u00a0be\u00a0well-placed\u00a0to\u00a0mentor\u00a0the student in this\u00a0manner.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5a73c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5a73c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-109ef2c\" data-id=\"109ef2c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-532a73c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"532a73c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Exam accommodations<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22fa9ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22fa9ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It\u00a0may\u00a0take\u00a0longer\u00a0than\u00a0the\u00a0allotted\u00a0time\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0student\u00a0to\u00a0complete\u00a0an\u00a0exam,\u00a0or\u00a0they\u00a0may\u00a0burn-out\u00a0or\u00a0\u2018hit\u00a0a brick wall\u2019 during the exam. If it is possible to re-sit the exam without penalty, take more time, or sit the\u00a0exam alone in a quiet room, this should be offered. It is also important to consider whether online exams\u00a0can\u00a0allow\u00a0extra\u00a0time\u00a0for\u00a0neurodiverse\u00a0learners to\u00a0process\u00a0questions and\u00a0answers.\u00a0As one\u00a0parent\u00a0wrote:<\/p><p><em>\u201cOne<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>very<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>bad<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>online<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>exam<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>format<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>she<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>endured<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>and<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>blanked<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>out<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>in<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>was<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>where<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>questions<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>must<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>be<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>answered<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>in<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>sequence.<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>No<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>ability<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>peruse<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>the<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>questions,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>start<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>with<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>easier,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>confidence<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>building<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>questions,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>or<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>go<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>back<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>and<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>check<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>completed answers.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ec09f3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ec09f3f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f489c26\" data-id=\"f489c26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-790676c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"790676c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Understanding timetables<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8824260 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8824260\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Timetables can be difficult to grasp, even for non-autistic people, especially if they are irregular. One\u00a0assistive suggestion is to ensure timetables are provided well in advance, with both printed and digital\u00a0versions\u00a0available.\u00a0Learners\u00a0may\u00a0have\u00a0a\u00a0preferred\u00a0calendar\u00a0system\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0wall-planner,\u00a0email\u00a0calendar\u00a0or diary that can become inclusive of the timetables. Some learners may need dedicated time and\/or\u00a0support\u00a0with achieving this\u00a0integration<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33baa5a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33baa5a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f097755\" data-id=\"f097755\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0adc879 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0adc879\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Transport<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4641017 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4641017\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>It is common for some autistic people not to drive due to sensory or other conditions. Transport can be\u00a0a barrier for many autistics, even those who do drive. It can be helpful to have a list of transport options\u00a0and timetables available for the student and parents\/caregivers, if applicable as well as a list of parking\u00a0information\u00a0for\u00a0those who drive.<\/p><p>Discussions with the student and the Student Learning Service or equivalent resource about their transport\u00a0needs can help ensure they are comfortable with getting to and from campus. Sometimes, going to a\u00a0tertiary institution is the first-time public transport has been utilised by the student, and this can be quite\u00a0anxiety-inducing. It may help to organise a test run or two using the public transport options to feel it out\u00a0and see how\u00a0it goes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e15a7c3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e15a7c3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a68ea9f\" data-id=\"a68ea9f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-195218b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"195218b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Orientation to the physical environment<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30f8c51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30f8c51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic people may experience spatial awareness or navigation issues. Regarding finding classrooms\u00a0and lecture theatres\/halls, plain maps\u00a0and photographs\u00a0of the hallways\u00a0and entrance\u00a0ways\u00a0can\u00a0be useful.\u00a0Remembering where to go every time can be exhausting. As one student put it: <em>\u201cBeing on campus is very<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>tiring<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>for<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>me,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>and<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>I often<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>spend a<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>lot of energy<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>remembering<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>when\/where to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>go<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>class,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>finding quiet<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>places<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>study,<\/em><\/p><p><em>and<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>hiding<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>my<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>neurodivergent<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>traits.<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>This<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>means<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>that<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>when<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>I<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>come<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>home<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>and<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>need<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>to<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>study,<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>I\u2019m<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>exhausted.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>Asking first-time learners how they found the navigation experience, and what could be improved, can\u00a0help with\u00a0creating a better\u00a0navigation plan.<\/p><p>Autistic people can experience improved functionality when in a familiar situation such as sitting at the\u00a0same\u00a0desk\u00a0in the classroom\u00a0setting and the same seat\u00a0in\u00a0a lecture theatre setting.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fe60ed8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fe60ed8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f7a6114\" data-id=\"f7a6114\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e36c5fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e36c5fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Processing speed<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb4dd3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb4dd3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic people may take longer to process what is being said or taught. This can be likened to an ESOL\u00a0student having to internally translate content and ideas into their own language. This extra time for\u00a0translation should not be interpreted as a deficit on a part of the autistic student but may be indicative of\u00a0the student not fully understanding the subject in their own way. Extra time allowed for grasping topics,\u00a0subjects, or ideas, alongside external or alternative support with understanding them, may benefit the\u00a0student. As one parent commented: <em>\u201c[Educators] might need to slow down their approach to allow for that<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>extra<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>processing time.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p>As mentioned in the other sections of this document, access to autistic student(s), as remunerated student\u00a0peer mentors, who have successfully completed the paper may also help, as they already have a proven\u00a0grasp\u00a0on the subject in an autistic\u00a0way\u00a0of understanding.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8907aa4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8907aa4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b4c0d2\" data-id=\"5b4c0d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad7334f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ad7334f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">Learning preferences<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3fc240 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3fc240\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Autistic learners may have varied learning styles and a way of receiving and interpreting information that\u00a0can\u00a0vary\u00a0from\u00a0topic\u00a0to\u00a0topic. This\u00a0reflects\u00a0the\u00a0fluidity,\u00a0diversity,\u00a0and\u00a0intersection\u00a0of\u00a0autistic\u00a0learning\u00a0styles,<\/p><p><em>\u201cBetter more inclusive learning materials,\u201d <\/em>one student requested would be useful to their learning\u00a0experience. Teaching content can be provided in various formats, such as written content, visual content,\u00a0audible\u00a0content, etc. to help\u00a0make it more inclusive.<\/p><p>It may help for learners to have a note-taker during lectures, the ability to audio-record or access video-\u00a0recorded lectures, and\/or for slides of content to be available before\/during or after sessions. All learners\u00a0will then have options to receive and review content in a way that best fits their neurologically preferred\u00a0way of receiving and interpreting information, without having to access support services or other\u00a0staff\/tutors.<\/p><p>Many autistic and neurodivergent people experience short-term and other memory issues, and this\u00a0approach can also help in reviewing, retention, and transformation of information into long-term memory\u00a0pathways.<\/p><p>Autistic people may have difficulty with ambiguity in questions, so explicitly detailed information and\u00a0questions are important. (Learning\u00a0Styles\u00a0and Inclusion,\u00a0Gavin Reid, 2005,\u00a0p.30)<\/p><p>You\u00a0can\u00a0see\u00a0more\u00a0information\u00a0on\u00a0how\u00a0to\u00a0design\u00a0neurodivergent-accessible\u00a0learning\u00a0materials\u00a0here\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fullfabric.com\/articles\/how-to-design-visual-learning-resources-for-neurodiverse-students\">How\u00a0to design visual learning resources\u00a0for\u00a0neurodiverse learners\u00a0|\u00a0Full\u00a0Fabric<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cb61542 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cb61542\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbc88ab\" data-id=\"bbc88ab\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8656ffe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8656ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-medium\">You Can Support Your Learners by:<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27b3ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27b3ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><strong>Employing neurodivergent learners who have previously passed the course in peer-support roles<\/strong>.Many autistic learners will find it easier to learn from someone who thinks in a similar way to them.<\/li><\/ul><div><ul><li><strong>Being open to implementing non-traditional forms of support.<\/strong> Often thinking outside the box results in the most useful supports.<\/li><\/ul><div><ul><li><strong>Ensuring that closed captioning\/subtitles are available on videos and recorded lectures<\/strong>. This helps learners who may struggle with auditory processing.<\/li><li><div><div><strong>Allowing learners to use stim tools in class.<\/strong> This helps learners to regulate their energy so that they can focus on the content.<\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div><div><strong>Providing a structure for taking notes or making notes available to the whole class after a lecture.<\/strong> Many of the learners in our survey found it difficult to come up with an effective note-taking format, especially when teaching styles varied between courses. Providing a framework for taking notes, or making your own notes available to the class, means learners can ensure they have recorded the key information from the lecture.<\/div><\/div><\/li><li><div><div><strong>Providing guidelines for how long learners should spend on each question in an exam, and how long assignments should take.<\/strong> This helps learners manage their time effectively so they can complete all their work by the due date or by the end of the exam.<\/div><\/div><\/li><li><strong>Scheduling regular progress check-ups. <\/strong>This helps to ensure that learners do not fall behind by supporting them to work towards deadlines in a structured way.<\/li><li><div><div><strong>Advising learners of what exam accommodations may be available and supporting learners to access these accommodations.<\/strong> Useful accommodations might include extra time and sitting the exam in a private room.<\/div><\/div><\/li><li><strong>Providing timetables early. <\/strong>This ensures learners have time to understand the timetable and askquestions about it if needed. It reduces anxiety by giving learners plenty of time to plan their days; for\u00a0example,\u00a0it means learners\u00a0can\u00a0plan how\u00a0to get\u00a0to campus and practice\u00a0their\u00a0commute\u00a0in advance.<\/li><li><div><div><strong>Allowing learners to sit in the same seat every<\/strong> class. Sitting in the same place every class can help autistic learners to function better.<\/div><\/div><\/li><li><strong>Making content available in multiple formats \u2013 written, audio, and visual. <\/strong>For example, you couldprovide lecture recordings and make your slides and notes available to learners. This means learners\u00a0can\u00a0access\u00a0information\u00a0in a\u00a0way\u00a0that works\u00a0best for\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9972c5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9972c5c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00960d2\" data-id=\"00960d2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e08a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"62e08a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Final Words<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-832c83e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"832c83e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Being autistic is like being a second-language learner. It is challenging and rewarding at the same time. All\u00a0person-centred supports \u2013 to accommodate autistic learners and their culture will go a long way to ensure\u00a0positive outcomes for the learners and ensure they can \u2018converse\u2019 and function well in this predominantly\u00a0neurotypical environment.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Executive Function Writer \u2013 Timothy Folkema Introducing Communication Challenges with executive functioning are common with autistic people. Executive function refers to our higher-level thinking skills \u2013 our ability to plan actions and understand consequences (Miller &amp; Wallis, 2009). This can be summarised as situations where simple tasks can seem overwhelming. Ordinarily, autistic people can function [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12609"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16126,"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12609\/revisions\/16126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aacvirast.com\/accNew\/accvirast\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}